C/2013 X1 PanSTARRS
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Comet C/2013 X1 was discovered on 4 December 2013 at the Pan-STARRS 1 observatory on Mount Haleakala in Hawaii, that is about a year and five months before its perihelion passage, and was followed until 29 January 2018. C/2013 X1 had closest approach to the Earth on 21 June 2016 (0.640 au, almost two months after the perihelion passage).
This is the comet with NG effects strongly manifested in positional data fitting. Solutions 'a5' (GR), 'n5' (NG), and t4 (asymm. NG, preferred orbit) are based on data spanning over 4.3 yr in a range of heliocentric distances: 9.25 au – 1.314 au (perihelion) – 7.17 au. Also NG orbit based on distant part of pre-perihelion leg of orbit was possible to obtain (see solution 'pd').
All solutions result in original orbit outside Oort spike with semimajor axis of about 2600–6100 au. This comet suffers moderate planetary perturbations while passing through the planetary system; these perturbations lead to escape the comet from the planetary zone on a hyperbolic orbit (see future barycentric orbits for all orbits given here).
This is the comet with NG effects strongly manifested in positional data fitting. Solutions 'a5' (GR), 'n5' (NG), and t4 (asymm. NG, preferred orbit) are based on data spanning over 4.3 yr in a range of heliocentric distances: 9.25 au – 1.314 au (perihelion) – 7.17 au. Also NG orbit based on distant part of pre-perihelion leg of orbit was possible to obtain (see solution 'pd').
All solutions result in original orbit outside Oort spike with semimajor axis of about 2600–6100 au. This comet suffers moderate planetary perturbations while passing through the planetary system; these perturbations lead to escape the comet from the planetary zone on a hyperbolic orbit (see future barycentric orbits for all orbits given here).
| solution description | ||
|---|---|---|
| number of observations | 787 | |
| data interval | 2013 10 17 – 2015 09 30 | |
| data arc selection | data generally limited to pre-perihelion (PRE) | |
| range of heliocentric distances | 9.25 au – 3.03au | |
| detectability of NG effects in the comet's motion | comet with NG effects strongly manifested in positional data fitting | |
| type of model of motion | GR - gravitational orbit | |
| data weighting | YES | |
| number of residuals | 1566 | |
| RMS [arcseconds] | 0.40 | |
| orbit quality class | 1a | |
| orbital elements (heliocentric ecliptic J2000) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Epoch | 2016 07 31 | |
| perihelion date | 2016 04 20.71906970 | ± 0.00095717 |
| perihelion distance [au] | 1.31424816 | ± 0.00000239 |
| eccentricity | 1.00099871 | ± 0.00000202 |
| argument of perihelion [°] | 164.457203 | ± 0.000081 |
| ascending node [°] | 130.954751 | ± 0.000067 |
| inclination [°] | 163.230865 | ± 0.000019 |
| reciprocal semi-major axis [10-6 au-1] | -759.91 | ± 1.53 |
Upper panel: Time distribution of positional observations with corresponding heliocentric (red curve) and geocentric (green curve) distance at which they were taken. The horizontal dotted line shows the perihelion distance for a given comet whereas vertical dotted line — the moment of perihelion passage.
Middle panel(s): O-C diagram for a given solution (sometimes in comparison to another solution available in CODE), where residuals in right ascension are shown using magenta dots and in declination by blue open circles.
Lowest panel: Relative weights for a given data set(s).
Middle panel(s): O-C diagram for a given solution (sometimes in comparison to another solution available in CODE), where residuals in right ascension are shown using magenta dots and in declination by blue open circles.
Lowest panel: Relative weights for a given data set(s).